Forensic Statistics From the ground up… Basics • Interpretation • Hardy-Weinberg equations • Random Match Probability • Likelihood Ratio • Substructure Three Types of DNA Forensic Issues • Single Source: DNA profile of the evidence sample providing indications of it being of a single source origin • Mixture of DNA: Evidence sample DNA profile suggests it being a mixture of DNA from multiple (more than one) individuals • Kinship Determination: Evidence sample DNA profile compared with that of one or more reference profiles is to be used to determine the validity of stated biological relatedness among individuals Interpretation of a result: 1. Non-match - exclusion 2. Inconclusive - no decision 3. Match - estimate frequency What is an Exclusion? Single Source: DNA profiles of the evidence and reference samples differ from each other at one or more loci; i.e., barring sample mix-up and/or false identity of samples, reference individual is not the source...
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